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medassist-ng/backend/src/services/medication-enrichment.ts
T

1422 lines
45 KiB
TypeScript

import type { FastifyBaseLogger } from "fastify";
import type { PackageType } from "../utils/package-profiles.js";
const EMA_MEDICINES_URL =
"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json";
const RXNORM_BASE_URL = "https://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/REST";
const OPENFDA_NDC_URL = "https://api.fda.gov/drug/ndc.json";
const EMA_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS = 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
const EMA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
const RXNORM_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 8_000;
const OPENFDA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 8_000;
export const MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_SEARCH_DEFAULT_LIMIT = 6;
export const MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_SEARCH_MAX_LIMIT = 20;
const RXNORM_SEARCH_LIMIT = MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_SEARCH_MAX_LIMIT;
const OPENFDA_SEARCH_LIMIT = MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_SEARCH_MAX_LIMIT;
const GERMAN_INGREDIENT_NORMALIZATION: Record<string, string> = {
acetylsalicylsaeure: "acetylsalicylic acid",
acetylsalicylsaure: "acetylsalicylic acid",
aspirin: "acetylsalicylic acid",
colecalciferol: "cholecalciferol",
dimethylfumarat: "dimethyl fumarate",
paracetamol: "acetaminophen",
};
export type MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource = "ema" | "rxnorm" | "openfda";
export type MedicationEnrichmentCombinedSource =
| MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource
| "ema+rxnorm"
| "ema+openfda"
| "rxnorm+openfda"
| "ema+rxnorm+openfda";
export type MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult = {
code: string;
name: string;
genericName: string | null;
authorisationHolder: string | null;
therapeuticArea: string | null;
matchType: "brand" | "ingredient";
genericStatus: "generic" | "original" | "unknown";
authorisationDate: string | null;
source: MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource;
packageOptions: MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption[];
};
export type MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption = {
label: string;
pillWeightMg: number | null;
doseUnit: "mg" | "g" | "mcg" | "ml" | "IU" | "units" | "drops" | "puffs" | null;
};
export type MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption = {
label: string;
description: string;
packageType: PackageType;
packCount: number;
blistersPerPack: number | null;
pillsPerBlister: number | null;
totalPills: number | null;
looseTablets: number | null;
packageAmountValue: number | null;
packageAmountUnit: "ml" | "g" | null;
};
export type MedicationEnrichmentSearchResponse = {
query: string;
normalizedQuery: string;
hasMore: boolean;
results: MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult[];
};
export type MedicationEnrichmentEnrichRequest = {
query: string;
name: string;
genericName?: string | null;
code?: string | null;
source?: MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource | null;
};
export type MedicationEnrichmentEnrichResponse = {
selection: {
name: string;
genericName: string | null;
therapeuticArea: string | null;
indication: string | null;
atcCode: string | null;
source: MedicationEnrichmentCombinedSource;
};
suggestions: {
name: string;
genericName: string | null;
medicationForm: "capsule" | "tablet" | "liquid" | "topical" | null;
strengthOptions: MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[];
packageOptions: MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption[];
};
meta: {
rxNormMatched: boolean;
openFdaMatched: boolean;
partial: boolean;
note: string | null;
};
};
type MedicationEnrichmentLogger = Pick<FastifyBaseLogger, "debug" | "error" | "info" | "warn">;
type EmaMedicineRow = Record<string, unknown>;
type EmaCatalogEntry = {
code: string;
name: string;
genericName: string | null;
authorisationHolder: string | null;
therapeuticArea: string | null;
indication: string | null;
atcCode: string | null;
genericStatus: "generic" | "original" | "unknown";
authorisationDate: string | null;
nameKey: string;
genericKey: string;
activeSubstanceKey: string;
};
type EmaCatalogSnapshot = {
entries: EmaCatalogEntry[];
loadedAt: number;
};
type RxNormDrugConceptProperty = {
rxcui?: string;
name?: string;
synonym?: string;
tty?: string;
};
type RxNormDrugConceptGroup = {
tty?: string;
conceptProperties?: RxNormDrugConceptProperty[];
};
type RxNormDrugsResponse = {
drugGroup?: {
conceptGroup?: RxNormDrugConceptGroup[];
};
};
type RxNormConceptProperty = {
name?: string;
};
type RxNormConceptGroup = {
conceptProperties?: RxNormConceptProperty[];
};
type RxNormRelatedResponse = {
relatedGroup?: {
conceptGroup?: RxNormConceptGroup[];
};
};
type RxNormEnrichment = {
strengthOptions: MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[];
medicationForm: "capsule" | "tablet" | "liquid" | "topical" | null;
};
type OpenFdaActiveIngredient = {
name?: string;
strength?: string;
};
type OpenFdaProduct = {
product_ndc?: string;
product_id?: string;
generic_name?: string;
brand_name?: string;
labeler_name?: string;
dosage_form?: string;
marketing_start_date?: string;
active_ingredients?: OpenFdaActiveIngredient[];
packaging?: OpenFdaPackaging[];
};
type OpenFdaPackaging = {
description?: string;
package_ndc?: string;
};
type OpenFdaResponse = {
results?: OpenFdaProduct[];
};
type OpenFdaEnrichment = {
name: string;
genericName: string | null;
strengthOptions: MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[];
medicationForm: "capsule" | "tablet" | "liquid" | "topical" | null;
packageOptions: MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption[];
};
type ParsedOpenFdaPackagingSegment = {
quantity: number;
itemText: string;
containerCount: number;
containerText: string;
};
const defaultLogger: MedicationEnrichmentLogger = {
debug: (msg: string) => console.debug(msg),
info: (msg: string) => console.info(msg),
warn: (msg: string) => console.warn(msg),
error: (msg: string) => console.error(msg),
};
let activeLogger: MedicationEnrichmentLogger = defaultLogger;
let emaCatalogSnapshot: EmaCatalogSnapshot | null = null;
let emaRefreshPromise: Promise<EmaCatalogSnapshot> | null = null;
let refreshTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
let schedulerStarted = false;
export class MedicationEnrichmentServiceError extends Error {
statusCode: number;
code: string;
constructor(message: string, statusCode: number, code: string) {
super(message);
this.name = "MedicationEnrichmentServiceError";
this.statusCode = statusCode;
this.code = code;
}
}
function sanitizeText(value: unknown): string | null {
if (typeof value !== "string") return null;
const trimmed = value
.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, " ")
.replace(/&nbsp;/gi, " ")
.replace(/&quot;/gi, '"')
.replace(/&#039;/gi, "'")
.replace(/&apos;/gi, "'")
.replace(/&amp;/gi, "&")
.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
.trim();
return trimmed.length > 0 ? trimmed : null;
}
function parseEmaDate(value: unknown): string | null {
const sanitized = sanitizeText(value);
if (!sanitized) return null;
const match = /^(\d{2})\/(\d{2})\/(\d{4})$/.exec(sanitized);
if (!match) return sanitized;
const [, day, month, year] = match;
return `${year}-${month}-${day}`;
}
function parseCompactDate(value: unknown): string | null {
const sanitized = sanitizeText(value);
if (!sanitized) return null;
const match = /^(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})$/.exec(sanitized);
if (!match) return null;
const [, year, month, day] = match;
return `${year}-${month}-${day}`;
}
function normalizeSearchText(value: string): string {
return value
.normalize("NFKD")
.replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, "")
.replace(/[(){}[\],/]/g, " ")
.replace(/[-_]+/g, " ")
.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
.trim()
.toLowerCase();
}
function removeStrengthHints(value: string): string {
return value
.replace(/\b\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?\s*(mg|g|mcg|ml|iu|units?|drops?|puffs?)\b/gi, " ")
.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
.trim();
}
function normalizeIngredientTerm(value: string): string {
const normalized = normalizeSearchText(value);
return GERMAN_INGREDIENT_NORMALIZATION[normalized] ?? normalized;
}
function getSearchCandidates(query: string): string[] {
const normalized = normalizeSearchText(query);
const withoutStrength = normalizeSearchText(removeStrengthHints(query));
const ingredient = normalizeIngredientTerm(query);
const ingredientWithoutStrength = normalizeIngredientTerm(withoutStrength);
return [...new Set([normalized, withoutStrength, ingredient, ingredientWithoutStrength].filter(Boolean))];
}
function isHumanMedicine(row: EmaMedicineRow): boolean {
const category = sanitizeText(row.category)?.toLowerCase();
return category === "human";
}
function isAuthorisedMedicine(row: EmaMedicineRow): boolean {
const status = sanitizeText(row.medicine_status)?.toLowerCase() ?? "";
if (!status.includes("authorised")) return false;
return !status.includes("withdrawn") && !status.includes("revoked") && !status.includes("refused");
}
function deriveGenericStatus(row: EmaMedicineRow): "generic" | "original" | "unknown" {
const generic = sanitizeText(row.generic_or_hybrid ?? row.generic)?.toLowerCase();
const biosimilar = sanitizeText(row.biosimilar)?.toLowerCase();
if (generic === "yes" || biosimilar === "yes") return "generic";
if (generic === "no" && biosimilar === "no") return "original";
return "unknown";
}
function buildCatalogEntry(row: EmaMedicineRow): EmaCatalogEntry | null {
if (!isHumanMedicine(row) || !isAuthorisedMedicine(row)) return null;
const name = sanitizeText(row.name_of_medicine);
if (!name) return null;
const genericName =
sanitizeText(row.international_non_proprietary_name_common_name) ?? sanitizeText(row.active_substance) ?? null;
const activeSubstance = sanitizeText(row.active_substance);
const code = sanitizeText(row.ema_product_number) ?? normalizeSearchText(name);
return {
code,
name,
genericName,
authorisationHolder: sanitizeText(row.marketing_authorisation_developer_applicant_holder),
therapeuticArea: sanitizeText(row.therapeutic_area_mesh),
indication: sanitizeText(row.therapeutic_indication),
atcCode: sanitizeText(row.atc_code_human),
genericStatus: deriveGenericStatus(row),
authorisationDate:
parseEmaDate(row.marketing_authorisation_date) ?? parseEmaDate(row.european_commission_decision_date),
nameKey: normalizeSearchText(name),
genericKey: genericName ? normalizeSearchText(genericName) : "",
activeSubstanceKey: activeSubstance ? normalizeSearchText(activeSubstance) : "",
};
}
function extractEmaRows(payload: unknown): EmaMedicineRow[] {
if (Array.isArray(payload)) {
return payload.filter((item): item is EmaMedicineRow => !!item && typeof item === "object");
}
if (!payload || typeof payload !== "object") return [];
const record = payload as Record<string, unknown>;
for (const key of ["medicines", "items", "data", "rows"]) {
if (Array.isArray(record[key])) {
return record[key].filter((item): item is EmaMedicineRow => !!item && typeof item === "object");
}
}
return [];
}
async function fetchJson(url: string, timeoutMs: number): Promise<unknown> {
const controller = new AbortController();
const timeout = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
try {
try {
const response = await fetch(url, {
headers: { accept: "application/json" },
redirect: "error",
signal: controller.signal,
});
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP_${response.status}`);
}
return await response.json();
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof Error && error.name === "AbortError") {
throw new Error(`TIMEOUT_${timeoutMs}MS`);
}
throw error;
}
} finally {
clearTimeout(timeout);
}
}
async function refreshEmaCatalog(reason: "startup" | "scheduled" | "request"): Promise<EmaCatalogSnapshot> {
if (emaRefreshPromise) return emaRefreshPromise;
emaRefreshPromise = (async () => {
try {
const payload = await fetchJson(EMA_MEDICINES_URL, EMA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS);
const entries = extractEmaRows(payload)
.map(buildCatalogEntry)
.filter((entry): entry is EmaCatalogEntry => entry !== null);
const snapshot = { entries, loadedAt: Date.now() };
emaCatalogSnapshot = snapshot;
activeLogger.info(`[MedicationEnrichment] EMA catalog refreshed (${reason}) with ${entries.length} entries`);
return snapshot;
} catch (error) {
activeLogger.error(
`[MedicationEnrichment] EMA catalog refresh failed (${reason}): ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
if (emaCatalogSnapshot) {
return emaCatalogSnapshot;
}
throw new MedicationEnrichmentServiceError(
"Medication enrichment is temporarily unavailable.",
503,
"MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_UNAVAILABLE"
);
} finally {
emaRefreshPromise = null;
}
})();
return emaRefreshPromise;
}
async function ensureEmaCatalogReady(): Promise<EmaCatalogSnapshot> {
if (emaCatalogSnapshot) return emaCatalogSnapshot;
return refreshEmaCatalog("request");
}
function scoreNameAndIngredient(
nameKey: string,
genericKeys: string[],
candidate: string
): { score: number; matchType: "brand" | "ingredient" } | null {
const tokens = candidate.split(" ").filter(Boolean);
if (tokens.length === 0) return null;
const genericKey = genericKeys.join(" ");
const ingredientContainsCandidate = genericKeys.some((value) => value === candidate);
const ingredientStartsCandidate = genericKeys.some((value) => value.startsWith(candidate));
const ingredientIncludesCandidate = genericKeys.some((value) => value.includes(candidate));
const ingredientTokenMatch = tokens.every((token) => genericKeys.some((value) => value.includes(token)));
if (nameKey === candidate) return { score: 120, matchType: "brand" };
if (ingredientContainsCandidate) return { score: 115, matchType: "ingredient" };
if (nameKey.startsWith(candidate)) return { score: 95, matchType: "brand" };
if (ingredientStartsCandidate) return { score: 85, matchType: "ingredient" };
if (nameKey.includes(candidate)) return { score: 70, matchType: "brand" };
if (ingredientIncludesCandidate) return { score: 62, matchType: "ingredient" };
if (tokens.every((token) => nameKey.includes(token))) return { score: 58, matchType: "brand" };
if (ingredientTokenMatch || (genericKey.length > 0 && tokens.every((token) => genericKey.includes(token)))) {
return { score: 52, matchType: "ingredient" };
}
return null;
}
function scoreEntry(
entry: EmaCatalogEntry,
candidate: string
): { score: number; matchType: "brand" | "ingredient" } | null {
return scoreNameAndIngredient(entry.nameKey, [entry.genericKey, entry.activeSubstanceKey].filter(Boolean), candidate);
}
function getSearchSourcePriority(source: MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource): number {
if (source === "rxnorm") return 0;
if (source === "openfda") return 1;
return 2;
}
function compareSearchResults(
left: MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number },
right: MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number }
): number {
return (
right.packageOptions.length - left.packageOptions.length ||
getSearchSourcePriority(left.source) - getSearchSourcePriority(right.source) ||
right.score - left.score ||
left.name.localeCompare(right.name)
);
}
function collectEmaSearchResults(
snapshot: EmaCatalogSnapshot,
query: string
): Array<MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number }> {
const candidates = getSearchCandidates(query);
const byCode = new Map<string, MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number }>();
for (const entry of snapshot.entries) {
let bestMatch: { score: number; matchType: "brand" | "ingredient" } | null = null;
for (const candidate of candidates) {
const match = scoreEntry(entry, candidate);
if (!match) continue;
if (!bestMatch || match.score > bestMatch.score) {
bestMatch = match;
}
}
if (!bestMatch) continue;
const current = byCode.get(entry.code);
if (current && current.score >= bestMatch.score) continue;
byCode.set(entry.code, {
code: entry.code,
name: entry.name,
genericName: entry.genericName,
authorisationHolder: entry.authorisationHolder,
therapeuticArea: entry.therapeuticArea,
matchType: bestMatch.matchType,
genericStatus: entry.genericStatus,
authorisationDate: entry.authorisationDate,
source: "ema",
packageOptions: [],
score: bestMatch.score,
});
}
return [...byCode.values()].sort(compareSearchResults);
}
function selectCatalogEntry(
snapshot: EmaCatalogSnapshot,
request: MedicationEnrichmentEnrichRequest
): EmaCatalogEntry | null {
if (request.source === "ema" && request.code) {
return snapshot.entries.find((entry) => entry.code === request.code) ?? null;
}
const normalizedName = normalizeSearchText(request.name);
const normalizedGeneric = request.genericName ? normalizeSearchText(request.genericName) : "";
const normalizedQuery = normalizeSearchText(request.query);
const candidates = [normalizedName, normalizedGeneric, normalizedQuery].filter(Boolean);
let bestEntry: EmaCatalogEntry | null = null;
let bestScore = 0;
for (const entry of snapshot.entries) {
for (const candidate of candidates) {
const match = scoreEntry(entry, candidate);
if (!match || match.score <= bestScore) continue;
bestEntry = entry;
bestScore = match.score;
}
}
return bestEntry;
}
function uniqueStrengthOptions(options: MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[]): MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[] {
const deduped = new Map<string, MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption>();
for (const option of options) {
if (!deduped.has(option.label)) {
deduped.set(option.label, option);
}
}
return [...deduped.values()];
}
function normalizeDoseUnit(unit: string): MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption["doseUnit"] {
const normalized = unit.toLowerCase();
if (normalized === "mg") return "mg";
if (normalized === "g") return "g";
if (normalized === "mcg" || normalized === "μg") return "mcg";
if (normalized === "ml") return "ml";
if (normalized === "iu") return "IU";
if (normalized === "units" || normalized === "unit") return "units";
if (normalized === "drops" || normalized === "drop") return "drops";
if (normalized === "puffs" || normalized === "puff") return "puffs";
return null;
}
function parseStrengthOption(label: string): MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption | null {
const match = label.match(/(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(mg|mcg|g|ml|iu|units?)\b/i);
if (!match) return null;
const numericValue = Number(match[1]);
if (!Number.isFinite(numericValue)) return null;
const doseUnit = normalizeDoseUnit(match[2]);
let pillWeightMg: number | null = null;
if (doseUnit === "mg") {
pillWeightMg = numericValue;
} else if (doseUnit === "g") {
pillWeightMg = numericValue * 1000;
} else if (doseUnit === "mcg") {
pillWeightMg = numericValue / 1000;
}
return {
label: `${match[1]} ${doseUnit ?? match[2].toLowerCase()}`,
pillWeightMg,
doseUnit,
};
}
function deriveMedicationFormFromName(value: string): "capsule" | "tablet" | "liquid" | "topical" | null {
const normalized = value.toLowerCase();
if (normalized.includes("capsule")) return "capsule";
if (normalized.includes("tablet")) return "tablet";
if (
normalized.includes("solution") ||
normalized.includes("suspension") ||
normalized.includes("syrup") ||
normalized.includes("oral liquid")
) {
return "liquid";
}
if (
normalized.includes("cream") ||
normalized.includes("ointment") ||
normalized.includes("gel") ||
normalized.includes("lotion") ||
normalized.includes("spray") ||
normalized.includes("patch")
) {
return "topical";
}
return null;
}
function extractBracketedBrand(value: string): string | null {
const match = /\[([^\]]+)\]\s*$/.exec(value);
return match?.[1] ? sanitizeText(match[1]) : null;
}
function stripBracketedBrand(value: string): string {
return value.replace(/\s*\[[^\]]+\]\s*$/, "").trim();
}
function extractIngredientName(value: string): string | null {
const sanitized = sanitizeText(stripBracketedBrand(value));
if (!sanitized) return null;
const beforeStrength = sanitized.split(/\s+\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?\s*(?:mg|mcg|g|ml|iu|units?)\b/i)[0]?.trim() ?? sanitized;
const ingredient = beforeStrength.split("/")[0]?.trim() ?? beforeStrength;
return ingredient.length > 0 ? ingredient : sanitized;
}
function isRxNormSearchGroup(group: RxNormDrugConceptGroup): boolean {
return group.tty === "SBD" || group.tty === "SCD";
}
function buildRxNormSearchResult(property: RxNormDrugConceptProperty): MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult | null {
const code = sanitizeText(property.rxcui);
const rawName = sanitizeText(property.name);
if (!code || !rawName) return null;
const bracketBrand = extractBracketedBrand(rawName);
const synonym = sanitizeText(property.synonym);
const genericName = extractIngredientName(rawName);
const displayName = bracketBrand ?? synonym ?? stripBracketedBrand(rawName);
if (!displayName) return null;
return {
code,
name: displayName,
genericName,
authorisationHolder: null,
therapeuticArea: null,
matchType: bracketBrand ? "brand" : "ingredient",
genericStatus: "unknown",
authorisationDate: null,
source: "rxnorm",
packageOptions: [],
};
}
async function fetchRxNormSearchResults(query: string, limit: number): Promise<MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult[]> {
const byCode = new Map<string, MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number }>();
const candidates = getSearchCandidates(query);
for (const candidate of candidates) {
let payload: RxNormDrugsResponse;
try {
payload = (await fetchJson(
`${RXNORM_BASE_URL}/drugs.json?name=${encodeURIComponent(candidate)}`,
RXNORM_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS
)) as RxNormDrugsResponse;
} catch (error) {
activeLogger.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] RxNorm search failed for "${candidate}": ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
continue;
}
for (const group of payload.drugGroup?.conceptGroup ?? []) {
if (!isRxNormSearchGroup(group)) continue;
for (const property of group.conceptProperties ?? []) {
const result = buildRxNormSearchResult(property);
if (!result) continue;
const match = scoreNameAndIngredient(
normalizeSearchText(result.name),
result.genericName ? [normalizeSearchText(result.genericName)] : [],
candidate
);
if (!match) continue;
const score = match.score - (group.tty === "SCD" ? 6 : 0);
const current = byCode.get(result.code);
if (current && current.score >= score) continue;
byCode.set(result.code, {
...result,
matchType: match.matchType,
score,
});
}
}
}
return [...byCode.values()]
.sort((left, right) => right.score - left.score || left.name.localeCompare(right.name))
.slice(0, Math.min(limit, RXNORM_SEARCH_LIMIT))
.map(({ score: _score, ...result }) => result);
}
async function fetchRxNormEnrichmentByRxcui(rxcui: string): Promise<RxNormEnrichment | null> {
if (!rxcui) return null;
const relatedPayload = (await fetchJson(
`${RXNORM_BASE_URL}/rxcui/${encodeURIComponent(rxcui)}/related.json?tty=SCD+SBD`,
RXNORM_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS
)) as RxNormRelatedResponse;
const conceptNames =
relatedPayload.relatedGroup?.conceptGroup?.flatMap((group) =>
(group.conceptProperties ?? [])
.map((property) => sanitizeText(property.name))
.filter((value): value is string => value !== null)
) ?? [];
if (conceptNames.length === 0) return null;
const strengthOptions = uniqueStrengthOptions(
conceptNames
.map((name) => parseStrengthOption(name))
.filter((value): value is MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption => value !== null)
);
const medicationForm =
conceptNames
.map(deriveMedicationFormFromName)
.find((value): value is NonNullable<typeof value> => value !== null) ?? null;
return { strengthOptions, medicationForm };
}
async function fetchRxNormEnrichment(term: string): Promise<RxNormEnrichment | null> {
if (!term) return null;
const payload = (await fetchJson(
`${RXNORM_BASE_URL}/rxcui.json?name=${encodeURIComponent(term)}&search=2`,
RXNORM_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS
)) as {
idGroup?: { rxnormId?: string[] };
};
const rxcui = payload.idGroup?.rxnormId?.[0];
if (!rxcui) return null;
return fetchRxNormEnrichmentByRxcui(rxcui);
}
function buildOpenFdaSearchUrls(query: string): string[] {
const raw = query.trim();
const withoutStrength = removeStrengthHints(raw);
const normalizedIngredient = normalizeIngredientTerm(raw);
const normalizedIngredientWithoutStrength = normalizeIngredientTerm(withoutStrength);
const searchTerms = [
{ field: "brand_name", value: raw },
{ field: "brand_name", value: withoutStrength },
{ field: "generic_name", value: normalizedIngredient },
{ field: "generic_name", value: normalizedIngredientWithoutStrength },
].filter((entry) => entry.value.length > 0);
return [...new Set(searchTerms.map((entry) => `${entry.field}:${entry.value}`))].map((entry) => {
const [field, value] = entry.split(":");
const params = new URLSearchParams({
search: `${field}:"${value}"`,
limit: String(OPENFDA_SEARCH_LIMIT),
});
return `${OPENFDA_NDC_URL}?${params.toString()}`;
});
}
function normalizeOpenFdaName(value: unknown): string | null {
const sanitized = sanitizeText(value);
if (!sanitized) return null;
return sanitized
.split(/\s*;\s*/)[0]
.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
.trim();
}
function normalizeOpenFdaPackagingText(value: string): string {
return value
.toUpperCase()
.replace(/[^A-Z0-9]+/g, " ")
.replace(/\s+/g, " ")
.trim();
}
function parseOpenFdaPackagingSegment(segment: string): ParsedOpenFdaPackagingSegment | null {
const sanitized = sanitizeText(segment);
if (!sanitized) return null;
const match = /^(\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?)\s+(.+?)\s+in\s+(\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?)\s+(.+)$/i.exec(sanitized);
if (!match) return null;
const quantity = Number(match[1].replace(",", "."));
const containerCount = Number(match[3].replace(",", "."));
if (!Number.isFinite(quantity) || quantity <= 0 || !Number.isFinite(containerCount) || containerCount <= 0) {
return null;
}
return {
quantity,
itemText: match[2].trim(),
containerCount,
containerText: match[4].trim(),
};
}
function isOpenFdaBlisterLikeContainer(containerText: string): boolean {
const normalized = normalizeOpenFdaPackagingText(containerText);
return (
normalized.includes("BLISTER") ||
normalized.includes("POUCH") ||
normalized.includes("STRIP") ||
normalized.includes("SACHET")
);
}
function isOpenFdaBottleLikeContainer(containerText: string): boolean {
const normalized = normalizeOpenFdaPackagingText(containerText);
return normalized.includes("BOTTLE") || normalized.includes("JAR") || normalized.includes("VIAL");
}
function isOpenFdaSolidUnit(itemText: string): boolean {
const normalized = normalizeOpenFdaPackagingText(itemText);
return (
normalized.includes("TABLET") ||
normalized.includes("CAPSULE") ||
normalized.includes("CAPLET") ||
normalized.includes("SOFTGEL") ||
normalized.includes("LOZENGE")
);
}
function getOpenFdaAmountUnit(itemText: string): "ml" | "g" | null {
const normalized = normalizeOpenFdaPackagingText(itemText);
if (normalized.includes("ML")) return "ml";
if (normalized === "G" || normalized.startsWith("G ") || normalized.includes("GRAM")) return "g";
return null;
}
function toPositiveInteger(value: number): number | null {
if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) return null;
return Math.round(value);
}
function uniquePackageOptions(options: MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption[]): MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption[] {
const byKey = new Map<string, MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption>();
for (const option of options) {
const key = JSON.stringify([
option.description,
option.packageType,
option.packCount,
option.blistersPerPack,
option.pillsPerBlister,
option.totalPills,
option.packageAmountValue,
option.packageAmountUnit,
]);
if (!byKey.has(key)) {
byKey.set(key, option);
}
}
return [...byKey.values()];
}
function buildOpenFdaPackageOptions(product: OpenFdaProduct): MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption[] {
return uniquePackageOptions(
(product.packaging ?? [])
.map((entry): MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption | null => {
const description = sanitizeText(entry.description);
if (!description) return null;
const segments = description.split(/\s*\/\s*/).filter((value) => value.trim().length > 0);
const outerSegment = segments.length > 1 ? parseOpenFdaPackagingSegment(segments[0] ?? "") : null;
const primarySegment = parseOpenFdaPackagingSegment(segments[segments.length - 1] ?? "");
if (!primarySegment) return null;
const packCount = toPositiveInteger(outerSegment?.quantity ?? 1) ?? 1;
const packageAmountUnit = getOpenFdaAmountUnit(primarySegment.itemText);
if (packageAmountUnit) {
const packageAmountValue = toPositiveInteger(primarySegment.quantity);
if (packageAmountValue === null) return null;
const totalAmount = packCount * packageAmountValue;
return {
label: description,
description,
packageType: packageAmountUnit === "g" ? "tube" : "liquid_container",
packCount,
blistersPerPack: null,
pillsPerBlister: null,
totalPills: totalAmount,
looseTablets: totalAmount,
packageAmountValue,
packageAmountUnit,
} satisfies MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption;
}
if (!isOpenFdaSolidUnit(primarySegment.itemText)) return null;
const pillsPerUnit = toPositiveInteger(primarySegment.quantity);
if (pillsPerUnit === null) return null;
if (isOpenFdaBlisterLikeContainer(primarySegment.containerText)) {
return {
label: description,
description,
packageType: "blister",
packCount: 1,
blistersPerPack: packCount,
pillsPerBlister: pillsPerUnit,
totalPills: packCount * pillsPerUnit,
looseTablets: 0,
packageAmountValue: null,
packageAmountUnit: null,
} satisfies MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption;
}
if (isOpenFdaBottleLikeContainer(primarySegment.containerText) || outerSegment === null) {
const totalPills = packCount * pillsPerUnit;
return {
label: description,
description,
packageType: "bottle",
packCount,
blistersPerPack: null,
pillsPerBlister: null,
totalPills,
looseTablets: totalPills,
packageAmountValue: null,
packageAmountUnit: null,
} satisfies MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption;
}
return null;
})
.filter((value): value is MedicationEnrichmentPackageOption => value !== null)
);
}
function buildOpenFdaSearchResult(product: OpenFdaProduct): MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult | null {
const code = sanitizeText(product.product_ndc) ?? sanitizeText(product.product_id);
const name = normalizeOpenFdaName(product.brand_name) ?? normalizeOpenFdaName(product.generic_name);
if (!code || !name) return null;
const genericName =
normalizeOpenFdaName(product.generic_name) ?? normalizeOpenFdaName(product.active_ingredients?.[0]?.name) ?? null;
const nameKey = normalizeSearchText(name);
const genericKey = genericName ? normalizeSearchText(genericName) : "";
const match = scoreNameAndIngredient(nameKey, genericKey ? [genericKey] : [], nameKey) ?? {
score: 40,
matchType: genericKey === nameKey ? "ingredient" : "brand",
};
return {
code,
name,
genericName,
authorisationHolder: null,
therapeuticArea: null,
matchType: match.matchType,
genericStatus: "unknown",
authorisationDate: parseCompactDate(product.marketing_start_date),
source: "openfda",
packageOptions: buildOpenFdaPackageOptions(product),
};
}
async function fetchOpenFdaSearchResults(query: string, limit: number): Promise<MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult[]> {
const byCode = new Map<string, MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number }>();
const candidates = getSearchCandidates(query);
for (const url of buildOpenFdaSearchUrls(query)) {
let payload: OpenFdaResponse;
try {
payload = (await fetchJson(url, OPENFDA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS)) as OpenFdaResponse;
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof Error && error.message === "HTTP_404") {
continue;
}
activeLogger.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] openFDA search failed for "${query}": ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
continue;
}
for (const product of payload.results ?? []) {
const result = buildOpenFdaSearchResult(product);
if (!result) continue;
let bestScore = 0;
let bestMatchType: "brand" | "ingredient" = result.matchType;
for (const candidate of candidates) {
const match = scoreNameAndIngredient(
normalizeSearchText(result.name),
result.genericName ? [normalizeSearchText(result.genericName)] : [],
candidate
);
if (!match || match.score <= bestScore) continue;
bestScore = match.score;
bestMatchType = match.matchType;
}
if (bestScore === 0) continue;
const score = bestScore - 12;
const current = byCode.get(result.code);
if (current && current.score >= score) continue;
byCode.set(result.code, {
...result,
matchType: bestMatchType,
score,
});
}
}
return [...byCode.values()]
.sort((left, right) => right.score - left.score || left.name.localeCompare(right.name))
.slice(0, Math.min(limit, OPENFDA_SEARCH_LIMIT))
.map(({ score: _score, ...result }) => result);
}
function buildOpenFdaStrengthOptions(product: OpenFdaProduct): MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[] {
return uniqueStrengthOptions(
(product.active_ingredients ?? [])
.map((ingredient) => sanitizeText(ingredient.strength))
.filter((value): value is string => value !== null)
.map((strength) => strength.split("/")[0]?.trim() ?? strength)
.map((strength) => parseStrengthOption(strength))
.filter((value): value is MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption => value !== null)
);
}
function buildOpenFdaEnrichment(product: OpenFdaProduct): OpenFdaEnrichment | null {
const name = normalizeOpenFdaName(product.brand_name) ?? normalizeOpenFdaName(product.generic_name);
if (!name) return null;
const genericName =
normalizeOpenFdaName(product.generic_name) ?? normalizeOpenFdaName(product.active_ingredients?.[0]?.name) ?? null;
return {
name,
genericName,
strengthOptions: buildOpenFdaStrengthOptions(product),
medicationForm: product.dosage_form ? deriveMedicationFormFromName(product.dosage_form) : null,
packageOptions: buildOpenFdaPackageOptions(product),
};
}
async function fetchOpenFdaProductByCode(code: string): Promise<OpenFdaProduct | null> {
if (!code) return null;
const params = new URLSearchParams({
search: `product_ndc:"${code}"`,
limit: "1",
});
try {
const payload = (await fetchJson(
`${OPENFDA_NDC_URL}?${params.toString()}`,
OPENFDA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS
)) as OpenFdaResponse;
return payload.results?.[0] ?? null;
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof Error && error.message === "HTTP_404") {
return null;
}
throw error;
}
}
async function fetchOpenFdaEnrichmentByQuery(query: string): Promise<OpenFdaEnrichment | null> {
for (const url of buildOpenFdaSearchUrls(query)) {
try {
const payload = (await fetchJson(url, OPENFDA_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS)) as OpenFdaResponse;
const enrichment = payload.results
?.map(buildOpenFdaEnrichment)
.find((value): value is OpenFdaEnrichment => value !== null);
if (enrichment) return enrichment;
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof Error && error.message === "HTTP_404") {
continue;
}
throw error;
}
}
return null;
}
function mergeStrengthOptions(
rxNormOptions: MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[],
openFdaOptions: MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[]
): MedicationEnrichmentStrengthOption[] {
return uniqueStrengthOptions([...rxNormOptions, ...openFdaOptions]);
}
function buildCombinedSource(
primarySource: MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource,
rxNormMatched: boolean,
openFdaMatched: boolean
): MedicationEnrichmentCombinedSource {
const sources = new Set<MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource>([primarySource]);
if (rxNormMatched) sources.add("rxnorm");
if (openFdaMatched) sources.add("openfda");
const ordered = ["ema", "rxnorm", "openfda"].filter((source): source is MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource =>
sources.has(source as MedicationEnrichmentSearchSource)
);
return ordered.join("+") as MedicationEnrichmentCombinedSource;
}
function buildSelectionNameAndGeneric(request: MedicationEnrichmentEnrichRequest): {
name: string;
genericName: string | null;
} {
const genericName = request.genericName?.trim() ? request.genericName.trim() : extractIngredientName(request.name);
return {
name: request.name,
genericName,
};
}
export function startMedicationEnrichmentService(logger: MedicationEnrichmentLogger): void {
activeLogger = logger;
if (schedulerStarted) return;
schedulerStarted = true;
void refreshEmaCatalog("startup").catch((error: unknown) => {
activeLogger.error(
`[MedicationEnrichment] startup refresh failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`
);
return undefined;
});
refreshTimer = setInterval(() => {
void refreshEmaCatalog("scheduled").catch((error: unknown) => {
activeLogger.error(
`[MedicationEnrichment] scheduled refresh failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`
);
return undefined;
});
}, EMA_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS);
if (typeof refreshTimer.unref === "function") {
refreshTimer.unref();
}
}
export const startMedicationEnrichmentCatalogRefresh = startMedicationEnrichmentService;
export async function searchMedicationEnrichment(
query: string,
limit: number
): Promise<MedicationEnrichmentSearchResponse> {
const cappedLimit = Math.min(limit, MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_SEARCH_MAX_LIMIT);
const fetchLimit = MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_SEARCH_MAX_LIMIT;
const byCode = new Map<string, MedicationEnrichmentSearchResult & { score: number }>();
const [rxNormResults, openFdaResults] = await Promise.all([
fetchRxNormSearchResults(query, fetchLimit),
fetchOpenFdaSearchResults(query, fetchLimit),
]);
for (const result of rxNormResults) {
if (byCode.has(result.code)) continue;
const score = result.matchType === "brand" ? 82 : 74;
byCode.set(result.code, { ...result, score });
}
for (const result of openFdaResults) {
if (byCode.has(result.code)) continue;
const score = result.matchType === "brand" ? 68 : 60;
byCode.set(result.code, { ...result, score });
}
if (byCode.size < fetchLimit) {
const snapshot = await ensureEmaCatalogReady();
const emaResults = collectEmaSearchResults(snapshot, query);
for (const result of emaResults) {
if (byCode.has(result.code)) continue;
byCode.set(result.code, result);
if (byCode.size >= fetchLimit) break;
}
}
const orderedResults = [...byCode.values()].sort(compareSearchResults);
return {
query,
normalizedQuery: normalizeSearchText(query),
hasMore: orderedResults.length > cappedLimit,
results: orderedResults.slice(0, cappedLimit).map(({ score: _score, ...result }) => result),
};
}
export async function enrichMedicationSelection(
request: MedicationEnrichmentEnrichRequest,
logger?: MedicationEnrichmentLogger
): Promise<MedicationEnrichmentEnrichResponse> {
const loggerToUse = logger ?? activeLogger;
const requestedSource = request.source ?? "ema";
let rxNormMatched = false;
let openFdaMatched = false;
let partial = false;
let note: string | null = null;
let rxNormEnrichment: RxNormEnrichment | null = null;
let openFdaEnrichment: OpenFdaEnrichment | null = null;
if (requestedSource === "ema") {
const snapshot = await ensureEmaCatalogReady();
const selectedEntry = selectCatalogEntry(snapshot, request);
if (!selectedEntry) {
throw new MedicationEnrichmentServiceError(
"Selected medication could not be resolved.",
404,
"MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_NOT_FOUND"
);
}
const rxNormTerm = normalizeIngredientTerm(request.genericName ?? selectedEntry.genericName ?? request.query);
try {
rxNormEnrichment = await fetchRxNormEnrichment(rxNormTerm);
rxNormMatched =
rxNormEnrichment !== null &&
(rxNormEnrichment.medicationForm !== null || rxNormEnrichment.strengthOptions.length > 0);
} catch (error) {
partial = true;
note = "Returned EMA enrichment without RxNorm suggestions.";
loggerToUse.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] RxNorm enrichment failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
}
if (!rxNormMatched) {
try {
openFdaEnrichment = await fetchOpenFdaEnrichmentByQuery(
selectedEntry.genericName ?? request.genericName ?? request.query
);
openFdaMatched =
openFdaEnrichment !== null &&
(openFdaEnrichment.medicationForm !== null ||
openFdaEnrichment.strengthOptions.length > 0 ||
openFdaEnrichment.packageOptions.length > 0);
} catch (error) {
partial = true;
note = note ?? "Returned EMA enrichment without secondary-source suggestions.";
loggerToUse.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] openFDA enrichment failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
}
}
return {
selection: {
name: selectedEntry.name,
genericName: selectedEntry.genericName,
therapeuticArea: selectedEntry.therapeuticArea,
indication: selectedEntry.indication,
atcCode: selectedEntry.atcCode,
source: buildCombinedSource("ema", rxNormMatched, openFdaMatched),
},
suggestions: {
name: selectedEntry.name,
genericName: selectedEntry.genericName,
medicationForm: rxNormEnrichment?.medicationForm ?? openFdaEnrichment?.medicationForm ?? null,
strengthOptions: mergeStrengthOptions(
rxNormEnrichment?.strengthOptions ?? [],
openFdaEnrichment?.strengthOptions ?? []
),
packageOptions: openFdaEnrichment?.packageOptions ?? [],
},
meta: {
rxNormMatched,
openFdaMatched,
partial,
note,
},
};
}
if (requestedSource === "rxnorm") {
if (!request.code) {
throw new MedicationEnrichmentServiceError(
"Selected medication could not be resolved.",
404,
"MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_NOT_FOUND"
);
}
const selection = buildSelectionNameAndGeneric(request);
try {
rxNormEnrichment = await fetchRxNormEnrichmentByRxcui(request.code);
rxNormMatched =
rxNormEnrichment !== null &&
(rxNormEnrichment.medicationForm !== null || rxNormEnrichment.strengthOptions.length > 0);
} catch (error) {
partial = true;
note = "Returned RxNorm enrichment without strength suggestions.";
loggerToUse.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] RxNorm enrich-by-code failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
}
if (!rxNormMatched) {
try {
openFdaEnrichment = await fetchOpenFdaEnrichmentByQuery(selection.genericName ?? selection.name);
openFdaMatched =
openFdaEnrichment !== null &&
(openFdaEnrichment.medicationForm !== null ||
openFdaEnrichment.strengthOptions.length > 0 ||
openFdaEnrichment.packageOptions.length > 0);
} catch (error) {
partial = true;
note = note ?? "Returned RxNorm enrichment without openFDA suggestions.";
loggerToUse.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] openFDA fallback failed after RxNorm match: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
}
}
return {
selection: {
name: selection.name,
genericName: selection.genericName,
therapeuticArea: null,
indication: null,
atcCode: null,
source: buildCombinedSource("rxnorm", rxNormMatched, openFdaMatched),
},
suggestions: {
name: selection.name,
genericName: selection.genericName,
medicationForm: rxNormEnrichment?.medicationForm ?? openFdaEnrichment?.medicationForm ?? null,
strengthOptions: mergeStrengthOptions(
rxNormEnrichment?.strengthOptions ?? [],
openFdaEnrichment?.strengthOptions ?? []
),
packageOptions: openFdaEnrichment?.packageOptions ?? [],
},
meta: {
rxNormMatched,
openFdaMatched,
partial,
note,
},
};
}
if (!request.code) {
throw new MedicationEnrichmentServiceError(
"Selected medication could not be resolved.",
404,
"MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_NOT_FOUND"
);
}
let product: OpenFdaProduct | null = null;
try {
product = await fetchOpenFdaProductByCode(request.code);
} catch (error) {
loggerToUse.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] openFDA product lookup failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
}
if (!product) {
throw new MedicationEnrichmentServiceError(
"Selected medication could not be resolved.",
404,
"MEDICATION_ENRICHMENT_NOT_FOUND"
);
}
openFdaEnrichment = buildOpenFdaEnrichment(product);
openFdaMatched =
openFdaEnrichment !== null &&
(openFdaEnrichment.medicationForm !== null ||
openFdaEnrichment.strengthOptions.length > 0 ||
openFdaEnrichment.packageOptions.length > 0);
const openFdaGeneric = openFdaEnrichment?.genericName ?? request.genericName ?? request.name;
try {
rxNormEnrichment = await fetchRxNormEnrichment(normalizeIngredientTerm(openFdaGeneric));
rxNormMatched =
rxNormEnrichment !== null &&
(rxNormEnrichment.medicationForm !== null || rxNormEnrichment.strengthOptions.length > 0);
} catch (error) {
partial = true;
note = "Returned openFDA enrichment without RxNorm suggestions.";
loggerToUse.warn(
`[MedicationEnrichment] RxNorm fallback failed after openFDA match: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "unknown"}`
);
}
return {
selection: {
name: openFdaEnrichment?.name ?? request.name,
genericName: openFdaEnrichment?.genericName ?? request.genericName ?? null,
therapeuticArea: null,
indication: null,
atcCode: null,
source: buildCombinedSource("openfda", rxNormMatched, openFdaMatched),
},
suggestions: {
name: openFdaEnrichment?.name ?? request.name,
genericName: openFdaEnrichment?.genericName ?? request.genericName ?? null,
medicationForm: rxNormEnrichment?.medicationForm ?? openFdaEnrichment?.medicationForm ?? null,
strengthOptions: mergeStrengthOptions(
rxNormEnrichment?.strengthOptions ?? [],
openFdaEnrichment?.strengthOptions ?? []
),
packageOptions: openFdaEnrichment?.packageOptions ?? [],
},
meta: {
rxNormMatched,
openFdaMatched,
partial,
note,
},
};
}